DETROIT (AP) — Electric vehicle fires pose safety risks to first responders and guidelines from
manufacturers about how to deal with them have been inadequate, according to U.S. investigators.
There are also gaps in industry safety standards and research on high-voltage lithium-ion battery fires,
especially in high-speed, severe crashes, the National Transportation Safety Board said Wednesday.
The agency, which has no enforcement powers and can only make recommendations, called for manufacturers
to write vehicle-specific response guides for fighting battery fires and limiting chemical thermal
runaway and reignition. The guidelines also should include information on how to safely store vehicles
with damaged lithium-ion batteries.
The recommendations come at a time when automakers are rolling out multiple new electric vehicle models,
with many in the industry perceiving an inflection point in switching from gasoline power to cleaner
electricity.
The agency in its Wednesday report also asked firefighter and auto towing associations to inform members
about fire risks and how to deal with energy remaining in the battery after a crash, and on how to
safely store a vehicle with a damaged battery.
And it’s asking the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to include the availability of an
emergency response guide when it calculates five-star vehicle safety scores.
NHTSA also should build a coalition to research ways to de-energies batteries and reduce hazards from
thermal runaway, a chemical reaction that causes uncontrolled battery temperature and pressure
increases.
The NTSB started investigating battery fires after crashes and fires in Lake Forest and Mountain View,
California, and in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, in 2017 and 2018. It also probed a non-crash fire in West
Hollywood, California. Three of the batteries reignited after fires were extinguished.
All four vehicles were made by Tesla, which is the top-selling electric vehicle maker in the U.S.
"The risks of electric shock and battery reignition/fire arise from the ‘stranded’ energy that
remains in a damaged battery," the agency said.
In the August, 2017 fire in Lake Forest, a Tesla Model X battery caught fire after the vehicle left a
road and crashed into a residential garage at a high speed. Thomas Barth, an NTSB engineer and highway
investigator, said in an agency video that firefighters poured thousands of gallons of water onto the
roof of the vehicle. "They didn’t realize that they had to direct water onto the battery
compartment under the car to cool the battery and stop the reaction causing the fire," he said.
In an 80-page report the NTSB wrote that a review of emergency response guidelines from 36 manufacturers
found that all had ways to mitigate the risk of high-voltage shocks including methods for disconnecting
the battery. But none of the guides spoke to limiting the risk of energy stored in the batteries, such
as procedures for minimizing reignition or instructions on where and how to spray water to cool the
batteries, the agency said.
One way to deal with damaged batteries is to pull them from the vehicle and soak them in a saltwater bath
to discharge the energy, the NTSB wrote.
Messages were left Wednesday seeking comment from NHTSA, Tesla, the National Fire Protection Association
and the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, a large automaker trade group.
